Gravel Calculator
By Taro Schenker | Updated February 11, 2026
Quick Answer: To calculate gravel, multiply Length (ft) x Width (ft) x Depth (in) / 12 / 27 to get cubic yards, then multiply by density to get weight. Typical densities: pea gravel 2,700 lbs/cu yd, crushed stone 2,700, river rock 2,800, decomposed granite 2,500, limestone 2,700. Divide weight by 2,000 for tons. Add 10% for waste. For a 10 x 10 ft area at 4 inches deep, you need about 1.23 cubic yards or 1.67 tons of crushed stone.
Calculate how much gravel you need for driveways, pathways, landscaping, or fill. Enter your dimensions and depth to get the exact amount in cubic yards, total weight in tons, and estimated cost.
How to Calculate Gravel
The formula for calculating gravel volume and weight is:
Weight (tons) = Volume (cu yd) × Density (lbs/cu yd) ÷ 2,000
- Measure the length and width of your area in feet.
- Decide on your gravel depth (2-4 inches for most applications).
- Multiply length × width to get the area in square feet.
- Multiply the area by the depth (converted to feet) to get the volume in cubic feet.
- Divide by 27 to convert to cubic yards.
- Multiply by the gravel density to get the total weight in pounds, then divide by 2,000 to convert to tons.
- Add 10% for waste and uneven terrain.
Gravel Coverage Chart
Quick reference for how much area one cubic yard of gravel covers at different depths, and how many tons you need per 100 square feet:
| Depth | Coverage per Cubic Yard | Tons per 100 sq ft |
|---|---|---|
| 1 inch | 324 sq ft | 0.42 tons |
| 2 inches | 162 sq ft | 0.83 tons |
| 3 inches | 108 sq ft | 1.25 tons |
| 4 inches | 81 sq ft | 1.67 tons |
| 6 inches | 54 sq ft | 2.50 tons |
Types of Gravel
- Crushed Stone: Angular, interlocking pieces ideal for driveways and base layers. Compacts well and provides excellent drainage. Available in various sizes from dust to 2 inches.
- Pea Gravel: Small, rounded stones (3/8 inch) with a smooth texture. Popular for walkways, patios, and decorative ground cover. Does not compact as well as crushed stone.
- River Rock: Naturally rounded stones available in larger sizes (1-3 inches). Used for dry creek beds, landscaping accents, and drainage. Heavier than other types at about 2,800 lbs per cubic yard.
- Decomposed Granite: Finely crushed granite that creates a natural, earthy look. Compacts into a firm surface for paths and patios. Lighter at about 2,500 lbs per cubic yard.
- Limestone: A durable, versatile option that works well for driveways, paths, and fill. Compacts firmly and provides good drainage. Weighs about 2,700 lbs per cubic yard.
Tips for Buying Gravel
- Buy by the ton: Gravel is typically sold by the ton for bulk orders. Know your weight estimate before calling suppliers for quotes.
- Order extra: Always order 10-15% more than your calculated amount. Uneven ground, spreading loss, and compaction will use more material than the theoretical volume.
- Check delivery access: Ensure a dump truck can reach your site. A loaded gravel truck weighs 25-30 tons and needs firm ground and adequate clearance.
- Use landscape fabric: Lay landscape fabric or geotextile beneath gravel to prevent it from sinking into the soil and to reduce weed growth.
- Layer properly: For driveways, use a 2-3 inch base layer of larger crushed stone, then top with 2-3 inches of finer gravel. Compact each layer separately.
- Compare suppliers: Prices vary significantly between suppliers. Get at least three quotes and ask about delivery fees, minimum order quantities, and bulk discounts.
Formula Summary
Gravel Volume Formula: To calculate the cubic yardage of gravel needed, multiply the Length (ft) x Width (ft) x Depth (in), divide by 12 to convert depth to feet, then divide by 27 to convert cubic feet to cubic yards.
$$V_{\text{cu yd}} = \frac{L_{\text{ft}} \times W_{\text{ft}} \times D_{\text{in}}}{12 \times 27}$$
Weight Formula: $$W_{\text{tons}} = \frac{V_{\text{cu yd}} \times \rho}{2000}$$ where $\rho$ is the gravel density in lbs/cu yd.
Cost Formula: $$\text{Cost} = W_{\text{tons}} \times \text{Price per ton}$$
| Gravel Type | Density (lbs/cu yd) |
|---|---|
| Pea Gravel | 2,700 |
| Crushed Stone | 2,700 |
| River Rock | 2,800 |
| Decomposed Granite | 2,500 |
| Limestone | 2,700 |
Standard Assumptions: Waste factor of 10% accounts for uneven terrain, compaction, and spreading loss. 1 cubic yard = 27 cubic feet. 1 ton = 2,000 lbs. Gravel is sold by the ton for bulk orders.
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Estimates are for planning purposes only. Consult a qualified contractor for critical projects. Actual material requirements may vary based on site conditions, waste, and installation methods.
Pricing last verified: February 2026. Material prices vary by region, season, and supplier. Prices shown are national averages for planning purposes.