Sand Calculator
By Taro Schenker | Updated February 11, 2026
Quick Answer: To calculate sand, multiply Length (ft) x Width (ft) x Depth (in) / 12 / 27 to get cubic yards. Typical densities: standard sand 2,700 lbs/cu yd, masonry 2,700, play 2,500, polymeric 2,600, utility 2,700. One cubic yard covers 162 sq ft at 2 inches deep. A 50 lb bag contains about 0.5 cu ft. Add 10% for waste and compaction. For a 10 x 10 ft area at 2 inches deep, you need about 0.62 cubic yards (1,670 lbs or 34 bags of 50 lb sand).
Calculate how much sand you need for patio bases, leveling, sandboxes, or masonry projects. Enter your dimensions and depth to get the exact amount in cubic yards, total weight, number of bags, and estimated cost.
How to Calculate Sand
The formula for calculating sand volume is straightforward:
- Measure the length and width of your area in feet.
- Decide on your sand depth (typically 1-4 inches depending on the application).
- Multiply length × width to get the area in square feet.
- Multiply the area by the depth (converted to feet) to get the volume in cubic feet.
- Divide by 27 to convert to cubic yards (the standard bulk purchasing unit).
- Add 10% for waste, compaction, and uneven subgrades.
Sand Coverage Chart
Quick reference for how much area one cubic yard of sand covers at different depths:
| Depth | Coverage per Cubic Yard | Weight per Cubic Yard |
|---|---|---|
| 1 inch | 324 sq ft | 2,700 lbs |
| 2 inches | 162 sq ft | 2,700 lbs |
| 3 inches | 108 sq ft | 2,700 lbs |
| 4 inches | 81 sq ft | 2,700 lbs |
| 6 inches | 54 sq ft | 2,700 lbs |
Types of Sand
- Standard (All-Purpose) Sand: A versatile sand suitable for general fill, leveling, and mixing with cement. It is the most common and affordable option.
- Masonry Sand: Fine, well-graded sand used for mortar mixes, paver bedding, and between paver joints. Its smooth texture makes it easy to work with.
- Play Sand: Washed, screened, and non-toxic sand designed for sandboxes and play areas. It is softer and finer than construction sand.
- Polymeric Sand: A specialty sand containing polymers that harden when activated with water. Used to fill joints between pavers and prevent weed growth and ant hills.
- Utility Sand: Coarse, angular sand used for backfill, drainage, and pipe bedding. Its larger grain size promotes water flow and provides structural support.
Formula Summary
Sand Volume Formula: To calculate the cubic yardage of sand needed, multiply the Length (ft) x Width (ft) x Depth (in), divide by 12 to convert depth to feet, then divide by 27 to convert cubic feet to cubic yards.
$$V_{\text{cu yd}} = \frac{L_{\text{ft}} \times W_{\text{ft}} \times D_{\text{in}}}{12 \times 27}$$
Circular Area: $$A = \pi \times (\frac{d}{2})^2$$ where $d$ is the diameter in feet.
Weight Formula: $$W_{\text{lbs}} = V_{\text{cu yd}} \times (1 + W\%) \times \rho$$ where $\rho$ is the sand density in lbs/cu yd.
Bag Count: $$\text{Bags}_{50\text{lb}} = \lceil \frac{W_{\text{lbs}}}{50} \rceil$$
| Sand Type | Density (lbs/cu yd) |
|---|---|
| Standard | 2,700 |
| Masonry | 2,700 |
| Play | 2,500 |
| Polymeric | 2,600 |
| Utility | 2,700 |
Standard Assumptions: Waste factor of 10% accounts for compaction, spillage, and uneven subgrades. 1 cubic yard = 27 cubic feet. Standard bag size is 50 lbs. 1 ton = 2,000 lbs.
Related Calculators
- Gravel Calculator — calculate gravel for driveways, paths, and fill
- Mulch Calculator — estimate mulch for garden beds and landscaping
- Cubic Yard Calculator — convert any dimensions to cubic yards
- Paver Calculator — calculate pavers needed for patios and walkways
Estimates are for planning purposes only. Consult a qualified contractor for critical projects. Actual material requirements may vary based on site conditions, waste, and installation methods.
Pricing last verified: February 2026. Material prices vary by region, season, and supplier. Prices shown are national averages for planning purposes.